Trajectories of cropping system intensification under changing environment in south-west coastal Bangladesh

The cropping systems in south-west coastal Bangladesh face multiple challenges. A clearer understanding of the trajectories of cropping intensification can promote policy responses to current impacts, adaptations, and target support to farmers. This research aimed to assess (i) observed and perceived changes in temperature, rainfall and salinization, (ii) impacts of these changes on local cropping and aquaculture systems, and (iii) cropping system intensification. Primary data were collected in discussions with farmers (n = 63), extension service providers (n = 7) and researchers (n = 5) in the study area. Secondary data on climate, soil salinity, and farming systems were obtained from government sources. Respondents perceived increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall with anomalous patterns, increasing soil salinization, and increasing extreme events consistent with the observed meteorological data. The impacts were changes in farming operations, increased natural enemies, reduced irrigation water supplies, and yield losses. Cropping intensity in the study region increased from 135% in 1992–175% in 2018, though it is still below the national figure (194%). The intensification is driven by biophysical and socio-economics factors and supported by research, extension and infrastructure development. Further intensification opportunities require targeted research, smart farm management technologies, enhance extension services, improved value-chain, and continuing infrastructure development.