Towards A Global Code of Ethics for Modern Foods and Agricultural Biotechnology

The paper introduces a 'Global Code of Ethics for Modern Food and Agricultural Biotechnology', where the implementation of such a code is timely. A global, rather than a local or national, a specific, rather than a generic or industry-based code of ethics is a new concept that arises from a realization that conflicts emanating from divergent values, interests and capacities cannot be resolved on the basis of scientific and economic power and reasoning alone. They need to be addressed holistically by embedding the economic and scientific contributions within a strong socio-ethical framework that provides space for fair and open dialogue between partners. Building on ethical objectives proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and by others and observing internationally agreed CODEX Alimentarius safety principles and guidelines for foods derived from modern biotechnology, the socio-ethical framework rests on four mutually supportive ethical principles that are universal and transcend national and individual boundaries. The ethical principles reflect the expectations of an emergent civic society that increasingly insists on accurate and accessible information that is transparent and open to scrutiny, is based on broad stakeholder participation and societal dialogue, and provides effective mechanisms for safe-guarding choice and self-determination. Abiding by a small number of strong ethical principles is seen as crucial for unlocking the long-term future potentials of a modern food biotechnology industry, whose goal it is to contribute to world food security, an increased level of human nutrition and a well managed, healthy global environment.