The expression and receipt of compassion through touch in a health setting; a qualitative study

Aim: To investigate and understand how compassion is expressed by nurses and re-ceived by patients in a hospital setting.

Background: Concerns regarding the absence of compassion in a healthcare setting has necessitated further research in the field. To define and measure compassion is difficult and problematic. Compassion is subjective and in the contemporary literature the views of patients are under- represented. Touch is an important component of nursing practice and can also be considered problematic.

Design: Secondary analysis of narrative interviews.

Methods: Secondary analysis of 12 participant interviews with nurses (n-4) and pa-tients (n-8). Data were collected between August 2018 and August 2019.

Findings: Compassion was expressed and received through touch for nurses and pa-tients. Patients receive compassion through the touch of the nurse and this touch conveyed comfort and safety. Touch allowed for the establishment of an authentic connection between nurse and patient. Nurses used touch to express compassion and patients received compassion when they were comforted with touch. Compassion was present in incidental touch and deliberate comforting touch. Nurses were re-spectful of the meanings of touch. Patients describe nurses knowing when to touch and using touch appropriately.

Conclusions: Nurses in our study were respectful of the meaning of touch for their patients and described using touch to convey compassion. Patients in our study per-ceived compassion through the touch by the nurse. Through these narratives, touch is revealed as an essential part of compassionate practice conveying safety, authenticity and connection.

Impact: Patients in this study describe receiving compassion through the use of touch which made them feel safe. Nurses in this study used touch to create an authentic connection with patients and were aware of the different meanings of touch. Avoiding touch, being wary of touch, or considering touch taboo robs patients of compassion moments.