Quantifying torpor in small mammals non-invasively using infrared thermocouples

Measurements of torpor use are pivotal for many research areas concerning the thermal biology of endotherms. Here, I used infrared thermocouples to non-invasively examine torpor patterns in the small marsupial fat-tailed dunnart ('Sminthopsis crassicaudata'). Sensors were installed inside the nesting chambers to continuously monitor fur temperature in undisturbed animals. Firstly, to verify the measurements, fur temperature was monitored simultaneously with body temperature using internal radio transmitters (n=6). Secondly, I conducted a food restriction study to demonstrate the reliability of the method within a physiological experiment (n=8). Based on the correspondence of simultaneously measured fur and body temperature during torpor bouts, I was able to confirm that infrared thermocouples provide reliable temporal information on torpor patterns. Furthermore, torpor use was successfully monitored over a 20-day food restriction study. The method can easily be adapted to suit other small mammal or bird species and presents a useful, inexpensive approach for examining torpor patterns remotely and non-invasively in the laboratory.