Overexpression of the brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene 'DWF4' in 'Brassica napus' simultaneously increases seed yield and stress tolerance

As a resource allocation strategy, plant growth and defense responses are generally mutually antagonistic. Brassinosteroid (BR) regulates many aspects of plant development and stress responses, however, genetic evidence of its integrated effects on plant growth and stress tolerance is lacking. We overexpressed the 'Arabidopsis' BR biosynthetic gene 'AtDWF4' in the oilseed plant 'Brassica napus' and scored growth and stress response phenotypes. The transgenic 'B. napus' plants, in comparison to wild type, displayed increased seed yield leading to increased overall oil content per plant, higher root biomass and root length, significantly better tolerance to dehydration and heat stress, and enhanced resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens 'Leptosphaeria maculans' and 'Sclerotinia sclerotiorum'. Transcriptome analysis supported the integrated effects of BR on growth and stress responses; in addition to BR responses associated with growth, a predominant plant defense signature, likely mediated by BES1/BZR1, was evident in the transgenic plants. These results establish that BR can interactively and simultaneously enhance abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and plant productivity. The ability to confer pleiotropic beneficial effects that are associated with different agronomic traits suggests that BR-related genes may be important targets for simultaneously increasing plant productivity and performance under stress conditions.