Origami and Froebel Stars: Froebel's pedagogy in Japanese kindergartens

This study examines how Friedrich Froebel's (1782-1852) pedagogy was translated and transformed in Japan when the system and concept of Froebel's kindergarten arrived from the West. It examines the case of his play activity, 'papier-falten', which is known as 'origami' in Japan. Papier-falten is one of Froebel's Occupations (a series of hands-on play activities) in his kindergarten curriculum, which was designed for children's handiwork and play. Origami (paper-folding) has a long history in Japan; it originated in China and was imported to Japan in the seventh century. It has become a traditional Japanese art with cultural, religious and ceremonial significance. However, origami became a rigid pedagogical tool when Froebel's pedagogy in relation to kindergarten teaching was transferred from the West to Japan in the mid to late nineteenth century. The German concept of ear[y childhood education was integrated into the Japanese kindergarten curriculum, resulting in a dramatic transformation of Japanese origami culture. This study also explores the influence of Friedrich Froebel's pedagogy on the development of origami, not only in early childhood education but also on the current origami culture in Japan.