Optimal breeding programs for Lao native goats in smallholder systems

This study used stochastic simulation to evaluate breeding strategies aimed at improving body weight of Lao native goats in smallholder systems while maintaining genetic diversity. Simulation reflected both traditional breeding practices and alternative strategies, including random mating, selection on phenotype, and rotational mating scenarios at herd and village level. After 20 mating cycles, traditional practices (random mating at herd level) resulted in limited body weight improvement and a high inbreeding level (0.216). Selection and rotational mating showed improvement in body weight while also affecting inbreeding level. The rotation strategy achieved the highest body weight gain (1.2 phenotypic standard deviation, PSD, units) and a relatively low inbreeding level (0.071). The genetic gain and inbreeding levels were 0.899 PSD and 0.077, respectively, for village-selection and 0.69 PSD and 0.24, respectively, for herd-selection. Overall, rotational mating significantly increased the body weight while maintaining low inbreeding, making it a promising breeding strategy for Lao farmers. For successful implementation, this approach will require pedigree and animal performance recording and active farmer participation.