Investigation of causes of neonatal mortality in Bali cattle on Sumbawa Island

There is a desire to increase cattle production on Sumbawa Island but anecdotal reports from farmers indicate that calf mortality can be high. The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence and common causes of calf mortality, as well as to determine if colostral antibody transfer is sufficient in new-born calves. Personal interviews were conducted with 27 farmers. Immunoglobulins were measured in neonatal calves (n=18) using the FASTest IgG Bovine kit. The presence of various pathogens was investigated in fecal samples from calves (n=12) with signs of diarrhea between 1-2 months of age using the FASTest D4T bovine kit and the presence of gastrointestinal parasites was investigated using fecal floatation from preweaned calves (3 weeks-3 months of age" n=62). From the questionnaire calf losses ranged from 10–27%, with most losses occurring in older calves. Only one of the 18 calves demonstrated an insufficient concentration of IgG in serum, indicating the possibility of failure of passive transfer from the dam. Of the samples tested from scouring calves, 7 out of 12 samples tested positive for one of the microorganisms causing general diarrhoea in calves. A range of different gastrointestinal nematode parasites were found although very few coccidial oocysts were seen. The results of these studies indicate that calf mortality is high and will be a limitation on the production of beef cattle for slaughter in the Dompu region of Sumbawa Island. Further investigation is required to determine which pathogens are the cause of this calf loss.