Implementing Evidence-Based Practice

The extent to which evidence informs practice on a day-to-day basis is variable. The implementation of evidence-based practice is a complex process and requires knowledge, skill, planning and time. Definitions of evidence-based practice tend to imply that data speak for themselves, and in so doing ignore the human element of applying empirical evidence in practice. However, evidence-based practice does not just happen; someone has to make it happen. This chapter examines practical issues associated with the implementation of evidence-based practice, using examples that illustrate the process. In nursing it is important to know not only 'how' to do something, but also to understand 'why' it is being done, in other words, to have knowledge of the evidence that underpins the practice. In this way it is linked with clinical effectiveness: doing the right thing in the right way and at the right time for the right patient (RCN 1996). By applying the principles of evidence-based practice, nurses can systematically examine what they do in order to ensure they are providing beneficial care. Factors affecting the implementation of evidence-based practice were considered in Chapter 31 and include a combination of available evidence, the development of skills, as well as wider factors such as working relationships, existing practices, attitudes and values.