Governing Neural Data in the Global South: Toward a Neuro-Responsible Business Framework for Zambia

This study examines the governance of neural data generated through brain– computer interfaces and cognitive monitoring systems within Zambia's business management context. Using a qualitative multiple-case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document reviews across legal, corporate, regulatory, and academic sectors. The study identifies four interrelated themes: gaps in legal and regulatory frameworks, limited institutional and technical capacity, ethical and managerial implications of neurotechnology adoption, and socio-cultural considerations, particularly cognitive dignity. The findings reveal that although Zambia's existing data protection framework provides a foundational basis for information governance, it lacks explicit recognition of neural data and faces significant challenges related to regulatory readiness, institutional expertise, and ethical guidance. This study makes a novel contribution by offering one of the first empirical analyses of neural data governance in a developing country business context. It further advances theory and practice by proposing a Neuro-Responsible Governance Model, which integrates principles of mental privacy, cognitive liberty, and ethical innovation into corporate and policy decision-making. The study contributes to emerging debates on neurotechnology governance, business ethics, and data protection, and provides actionable insights for policymakers, regulators, and business leaders navigating the neuro-digital era.