Emeishan volcanism and the end-Guadalupian extinction: New U-Pb TIMS ages

High-resolution geochronology with an age resolution at the permil level is instrumental in testing proposed causal links between continental-scale, short-term volcanic events and environmental crises that affect life globally. Synchroneity with large-scale volcanic events has been shown for three of the five most severe extinctions, namely the end-Permian extinction coinciding with Siberian Trapp volcanism, the end-Triassic extinction with Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism and the end-Cretaceous with Deccan Trapp volcanism. Recent studies also show that the magnitude of the extinction is not solely a function of the size (volume) of the volcanic event but more importantly of the eruption rate and also the nature of the host rock that is intruded, and the resulting reactions and release of gases that can affect climate. The end-Guadalupian (end Middle Permian, ca 260 Ma) biotic crisis has traditionally not been included in the "big five" mass extinctions, possibly because of its close proximity in time to the end-Permian event, although its magnitude (in terms of total extinction rate) is comparable to the three most severe extinctions (end-Ordovician, end-Permian, end-Cretaceous). As a result, research of the end-Guadalupian event has so far been neglected and its timing as well as the temporal relation to the Emeishan volcanic province in western China is as yet not fully studied.