Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

Iosif Lazaridis; Nick Patterson; Bonnie Berger; Tatijana Zemunik; Alan Cooper; Cristian Capelli; Mark G Thomas; Andres Ruiz-Linares; Sarah A Tishkoff; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj; Richard Villems; David Comas; Christos Economou; Rem Sukernik; Mait Metspalu; Matthias Meyer; Evan E Eichler; Joachim Burger; Montgomery Slatkin; Svante Paabo; Janet Kelso; David Reich; Johannes Krause; Ruth Bollongino; Qiaomei Fu; Kirsten I Bos; Susanne Nordenfelt; Heng Li; Cesare de Filippo; Kay Prufer; Susanna Sawyer; Alissa Mittnik; Cosimo Posth; Wolfgang Haak; Fredrik Hallgren; Elin Fornander; Nadin Rohland; Dominique Delsate; Michael Francken; Jean-Michel Guinet; Joachim Wahl; George Ayodo; Gabriel Renaud; Hamza A Babiker; Graciela Bailliet; Elena Balanovska; Oleg Balanovsky; Ramiro Barrantes; Gabriel Bedoya; Haim Ben-Ami; Judit Bene; Fouad Berrada; Claudio M Bravi; Swapan Mallick; Francesca Brisighelli; George B J Busby; Francesco Cali; Mikhail Churnosov; David E C Cole; Daniel Corach; Larissa Damba; George van Driem; Stanislav Dryomov; Jean-Michel Dugoujon; Karola Kirsanow; Sardana A Fedorova; Irene Gallego Romero; Marina Gubina; Michael Hammer; Brenna M Henn; Tor Hervig; Ugur Hodoglugil; Aashish R Jha; Sena Karachanak-Yankova; Rita Khusainova; Peter H Sudmant; Elza Khusnutdinova; Rick Kittles; Toomas Kivisild; William Klitz; Vaidutis Kucinskas; Alena Kushniarevich; Leila Laredj; Sergey Litvinov; Theologos Loukidis; Robert W Mahley; Joshua G Schraiber; Bela Melegh; Ene Metspalu; Julio Molina; Joanna Mountain; Klemetti Nakkalajarvi; Desislava Nesheva; Thomas Nyambo; Ludmila Osipova; Juri Parik; Fedor Platonov; Sergi Castellano; Olga Posukh; Valentino Romano; Francisco Rothhammer; Igor Rudan; Ruslan Ruizbakiev; Hovhannes Sahakyan; Antti Sajantila; Antonio Salas; Elena B Starikovskaya; Ayele Tarekegn; Mark Lipson; Draga Toncheva; Shahlo Turdikulova; Ingrida Uktveryte; Olga Utevska; Rene Vasquez; Mercedes Villena; Mikhail Voevoda; Cheryl A Winkler; Levon Yepiskoposyan; Pierre Zalloua

doi:10.1038/nature13673

Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

Iosif Lazaridis
, Nick Patterson
, Bonnie Berger
, Tatijana Zemunik
, Alan Cooper
, Cristian Capelli
, Mark G Thomas
, Andres Ruiz-Linares
, Sarah A Tishkoff
, Lalji Singh
, Kumarasamy Thangaraj
, Richard Villems
, David Comas
, Christos Economou
, Rem Sukernik
, Mait Metspalu
, Matthias Meyer
, Evan E Eichler
, Joachim Burger
, Montgomery Slatkin

Svante Paabo, Janet Kelso, David Reich, Johannes Krause, Ruth Bollongino, Qiaomei Fu, Kirsten I Bos, Susanne Nordenfelt, Heng Li, Cesare de Filippo, Kay Prufer, Susanna Sawyer, Alissa Mittnik, Cosimo Posth, Wolfgang Haak, Fredrik Hallgren, Elin Fornander, Nadin Rohland, Dominique Delsate, Michael Francken, Jean-Michel Guinet, Joachim Wahl, George Ayodo, Gabriel Renaud, Hamza A Babiker, Graciela Bailliet, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Ramiro Barrantes, Gabriel Bedoya, Haim Ben-Ami, Judit Bene, Fouad Berrada, Claudio M Bravi, Swapan Mallick, Francesca Brisighelli, George B J Busby, Francesco Cali, Mikhail Churnosov, David E C Cole, Daniel Corach, Larissa Damba, George van Driem, Stanislav Dryomov, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Karola Kirsanow, Sardana A Fedorova, Irene Gallego Romero, Marina Gubina, Michael Hammer, Brenna M Henn, Tor Hervig, Ugur Hodoglugil, Aashish R Jha, Sena Karachanak-Yankova, Rita Khusainova, Peter H Sudmant, Elza Khusnutdinova, Rick Kittles, Toomas Kivisild, William Klitz, Vaidutis Kucinskas, Alena Kushniarevich, Leila Laredj, Sergey Litvinov, Theologos Loukidis, Robert W Mahley, Joshua G Schraiber, Bela Melegh, Ene Metspalu, Julio Molina, Joanna Mountain, Klemetti Nakkalajarvi, Desislava Nesheva, Thomas Nyambo, Ludmila Osipova, Juri Parik, Fedor Platonov, Sergi Castellano, Olga Posukh, Valentino Romano, Francisco Rothhammer, Igor Rudan, Ruslan Ruizbakiev, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Antti Sajantila, Antonio Salas, Elena B Starikovskaya, Ayele Tarekegn, Mark Lipson, Draga Toncheva, Shahlo Turdikulova, Ingrida Uktveryte, Olga Utevska, Rene Vasquez, Mercedes Villena, Mikhail Voevoda, Cheryl A Winkler, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Pierre Zalloua

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1064 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ~8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes ¹⁻⁴ with 2,345 contemporary humans to show thatmost present-day Europeans derive from atleast three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians³, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	409-413
Journal	Nature
Volume	513
Issue number	7518
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13673
Publication status	Published - 2014

Keywords

History and Archaeology

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10.1038/nature13673

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Lazaridis, I., Patterson, N., Berger, B., Zemunik, T., Cooper, A., Capelli, C., Thomas, M. G., Ruiz-Linares, A., Tishkoff, S. A., Singh, L., Thangaraj, K., Villems, R., Comas, D., Economou, C., Sukernik, R., Metspalu, M., Meyer, M., Eichler, E. E., Burger, J., ... Zalloua, P. (2014). Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature, 513(7518), 409-413. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13673

@article{b7877538efb84a3791b76f9aa1ea86a8,

title = "Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans",

abstract = "We sequenced the genomes of a \textasciitilde{}7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight \textasciitilde{}8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes ¹⁻⁴ with 2,345 contemporary humans to show thatmost present-day Europeans derive from atleast three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians³, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had 44\% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.",

keywords = "History and Archaeology",

author = "Iosif Lazaridis and Nick Patterson and Bonnie Berger and Tatijana Zemunik and Alan Cooper and Cristian Capelli and Thomas, \{Mark G\} and Andres Ruiz-Linares and Tishkoff, \{Sarah A\} and Lalji Singh and Kumarasamy Thangaraj and Richard Villems and David Comas and Christos Economou and Rem Sukernik and Mait Metspalu and Matthias Meyer and Eichler, \{Evan E\} and Joachim Burger and Montgomery Slatkin and Svante Paabo and Janet Kelso and David Reich and Johannes Krause and Ruth Bollongino and Qiaomei Fu and Bos, \{Kirsten I\} and Susanne Nordenfelt and Heng Li and \{de Filippo\}, Cesare and Kay Prufer and Susanna Sawyer and Alissa Mittnik and Cosimo Posth and Wolfgang Haak and Fredrik Hallgren and Elin Fornander and Nadin Rohland and Dominique Delsate and Michael Francken and Jean-Michel Guinet and Joachim Wahl and George Ayodo and Gabriel Renaud and Babiker, \{Hamza A\} and Graciela Bailliet and Elena Balanovska and Oleg Balanovsky and Ramiro Barrantes and Gabriel Bedoya and Haim Ben-Ami and Judit Bene and Fouad Berrada and Bravi, \{Claudio M\} and Swapan Mallick and Francesca Brisighelli and Busby, \{George B J\} and Francesco Cali and Mikhail Churnosov and Cole, \{David E C\} and Daniel Corach and Larissa Damba and \{van Driem\}, George and Stanislav Dryomov and Jean-Michel Dugoujon and Karola Kirsanow and Fedorova, \{Sardana A\} and \{Gallego Romero\}, Irene and Marina Gubina and Michael Hammer and Henn, \{Brenna M\} and Tor Hervig and Ugur Hodoglugil and Jha, \{Aashish R\} and Sena Karachanak-Yankova and Rita Khusainova and Sudmant, \{Peter H\} and Elza Khusnutdinova and Rick Kittles and Toomas Kivisild and William Klitz and Vaidutis Kucinskas and Alena Kushniarevich and Leila Laredj and Sergey Litvinov and Theologos Loukidis and Mahley, \{Robert W\} and Schraiber, \{Joshua G\} and Bela Melegh and Ene Metspalu and Julio Molina and Joanna Mountain and Klemetti Nakkalajarvi and Desislava Nesheva and Thomas Nyambo and Ludmila Osipova and Juri Parik and Fedor Platonov and Sergi Castellano and Olga Posukh and Valentino Romano and Francisco Rothhammer and Igor Rudan and Ruslan Ruizbakiev and Hovhannes Sahakyan and Antti Sajantila and Antonio Salas and Starikovskaya, \{Elena B\} and Ayele Tarekegn and Mark Lipson and Draga Toncheva and Shahlo Turdikulova and Ingrida Uktveryte and Olga Utevska and Rene Vasquez and Mercedes Villena and Mikhail Voevoda and Winkler, \{Cheryl A\} and Levon Yepiskoposyan and Pierre Zalloua",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1038/nature13673",

language = "English",

volume = "513",

pages = "409--413",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "7518",

}

Lazaridis, I, Patterson, N, Berger, B, Zemunik, T, Cooper, A, Capelli, C, Thomas, MG, Ruiz-Linares, A, Tishkoff, SA, Singh, L, Thangaraj, K, Villems, R, Comas, D, Economou, C, Sukernik, R, Metspalu, M, Meyer, M, Eichler, EE, Burger, J, Slatkin, M, Paabo, S, Kelso, J, Reich, D, Krause, J, Bollongino, R, Fu, Q, Bos, KI, Nordenfelt, S, Li, H, de Filippo, C, Prufer, K, Sawyer, S, Mittnik, A, Posth, C, Haak, W, Hallgren, F, Fornander, E, Rohland, N, Delsate, D, Francken, M, Guinet, J-M, Wahl, J, Ayodo, G, Renaud, G, Babiker, HA, Bailliet, G, Balanovska, E, Balanovsky, O, Barrantes, R, Bedoya, G, Ben-Ami, H, Bene, J, Berrada, F, Bravi, CM, Mallick, S, Brisighelli, F, Busby, GBJ, Cali, F, Churnosov, M, Cole, DEC, Corach, D, Damba, L, van Driem, G, Dryomov, S, Dugoujon, J-M, Kirsanow, K, Fedorova, SA, Gallego Romero, I, Gubina, M, Hammer, M, Henn, BM, Hervig, T, Hodoglugil, U, Jha, AR, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khusainova, R, Sudmant, PH, Khusnutdinova, E, Kittles, R, Kivisild, T, Klitz, W, Kucinskas, V, Kushniarevich, A, Laredj, L, Litvinov, S, Loukidis, T, Mahley, RW, Schraiber, JG, Melegh, B, Metspalu, E, Molina, J, Mountain, J, Nakkalajarvi, K, Nesheva, D, Nyambo, T, Osipova, L, Parik, J, Platonov, F, Castellano, S, Posukh, O, Romano, V, Rothhammer, F, Rudan, I, Ruizbakiev, R, Sahakyan, H, Sajantila, A, Salas, A, Starikovskaya, EB, Tarekegn, A, Lipson, M, Toncheva, D, Turdikulova, S, Uktveryte, I, Utevska, O, Vasquez, R, Villena, M, Voevoda, M, Winkler, CA, Yepiskoposyan, L & Zalloua, P 2014, 'Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans', Nature, vol. 513, no. 7518, pp. 409-413. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13673

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Berger, Bonnie

AU - Zemunik, Tatijana

AU - Cooper, Alan

AU - Capelli, Cristian

AU - Thomas, Mark G

AU - Ruiz-Linares, Andres

AU - Tishkoff, Sarah A

AU - Singh, Lalji

AU - Thangaraj, Kumarasamy

AU - Villems, Richard

AU - Comas, David

AU - Economou, Christos

AU - Sukernik, Rem

AU - Metspalu, Mait

AU - Meyer, Matthias

AU - Eichler, Evan E

AU - Burger, Joachim

AU - Slatkin, Montgomery

AU - Paabo, Svante

AU - Kelso, Janet

AU - Reich, David

AU - Krause, Johannes

AU - Bollongino, Ruth

AU - Fu, Qiaomei

AU - Bos, Kirsten I

AU - Nordenfelt, Susanne

AU - Li, Heng

AU - de Filippo, Cesare

AU - Prufer, Kay

AU - Sawyer, Susanna

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Posth, Cosimo

AU - Haak, Wolfgang

AU - Hallgren, Fredrik

AU - Fornander, Elin

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Delsate, Dominique

AU - Francken, Michael

AU - Guinet, Jean-Michel

AU - Wahl, Joachim

AU - Ayodo, George

AU - Renaud, Gabriel

AU - Babiker, Hamza A

AU - Bailliet, Graciela

AU - Balanovska, Elena

AU - Balanovsky, Oleg

AU - Barrantes, Ramiro

AU - Bedoya, Gabriel

AU - Ben-Ami, Haim

AU - Bene, Judit

AU - Berrada, Fouad

AU - Bravi, Claudio M

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Brisighelli, Francesca

AU - Busby, George B J

AU - Cali, Francesco

AU - Churnosov, Mikhail

AU - Cole, David E C

AU - Corach, Daniel

AU - Damba, Larissa

AU - van Driem, George

AU - Dryomov, Stanislav

AU - Dugoujon, Jean-Michel

AU - Kirsanow, Karola

AU - Fedorova, Sardana A

AU - Gallego Romero, Irene

AU - Gubina, Marina

AU - Hammer, Michael

AU - Henn, Brenna M

AU - Hervig, Tor

AU - Hodoglugil, Ugur

AU - Jha, Aashish R

AU - Karachanak-Yankova, Sena

AU - Khusainova, Rita

AU - Sudmant, Peter H

AU - Khusnutdinova, Elza

AU - Kittles, Rick

AU - Kivisild, Toomas

AU - Klitz, William

AU - Kucinskas, Vaidutis

AU - Kushniarevich, Alena

AU - Laredj, Leila

AU - Litvinov, Sergey

AU - Loukidis, Theologos

AU - Mahley, Robert W

AU - Schraiber, Joshua G

AU - Melegh, Bela

AU - Metspalu, Ene

AU - Molina, Julio

AU - Mountain, Joanna

AU - Nakkalajarvi, Klemetti

AU - Nesheva, Desislava

AU - Nyambo, Thomas

AU - Osipova, Ludmila

AU - Parik, Juri

AU - Platonov, Fedor

AU - Castellano, Sergi

AU - Posukh, Olga

AU - Romano, Valentino

AU - Rothhammer, Francisco

AU - Rudan, Igor

AU - Ruizbakiev, Ruslan

AU - Sahakyan, Hovhannes

AU - Sajantila, Antti

AU - Salas, Antonio

AU - Starikovskaya, Elena B

AU - Tarekegn, Ayele

AU - Lipson, Mark

AU - Toncheva, Draga

AU - Turdikulova, Shahlo

AU - Uktveryte, Ingrida

AU - Utevska, Olga

AU - Vasquez, Rene

AU - Villena, Mercedes

AU - Voevoda, Mikhail

AU - Winkler, Cheryl A

AU - Yepiskoposyan, Levon

AU - Zalloua, Pierre

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ~8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes ¹⁻⁴ with 2,345 contemporary humans to show thatmost present-day Europeans derive from atleast three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians³, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.

AB - We sequenced the genomes of a ~7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ~8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes ¹⁻⁴ with 2,345 contemporary humans to show thatmost present-day Europeans derive from atleast three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians³, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.

KW - History and Archaeology

U2 - 10.1038/nature13673

DO - 10.1038/nature13673

M3 - Article

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 513

SP - 409

EP - 413

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7518

ER -

Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans

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