A Review on Rift Valley Fever on Animal, Human Health and its Impact on Live Stock Marketing

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an acute, mosquito-borne viral disease that has significant global threat to livestock marketing and on human health. The disease is caused by a virus of the genus Phlebovirus of family Bunyaviridae, a group of enveloped single stranded RNA viruses. A review of RVF was made with the objective of organizing information on the epidemiology and management of rift valley fever, and on its economic impacts related to livestock marketing. The disease is mostly confined in Africa but it also occurs in other parts like Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Even though clinical disease has never been occurred in Ethiopia, serological tests are gotten IgM positive for RVF. The transmission of RVF is primarily by the bites of the mosquitoes of several species. Man acquires the infection from the infected animals and insect bites. Diagnosis is confirmed by PCR, isolation of virus, demonstration of antibodies in the sera and histopathology of the liver. Immunization of animals, destruction of mosquitoes and restriction on the movement of animals during epizootic can help in the control of RVF.